The Sooner The Better; Case Reports of Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. There is a destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Main symptoms are bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor, and rigidity. In addition to the symptoms of the disease, the complications that arise also affect the lives of patients. In this study we wanted to share results of three cases who recieves r...

Exploring the Depths of the Mind: A Comprehensive Overview of Brain Imaging Techniques

Brain imaging techniques have revolutionized our understanding of the human brain, enabling researchers and clinicians to investigate its structure, function, and connectivity. This comprehensive overview aims to provide a thorough examination of various brain imaging techniques employed in both research and clinical settings. The review begins by introducing the fundamental principles underlying brain imaging, in...

Cardiac Rhabdomyomas in Tuberous Sclerosis - A 38 Year Retrospective

Cardiac rhabdomyomas occur in 50% of patients with tuberous sclerosis. The vast majority of these are asymptomatic. However, some rhabdomyomas may cause morbidity or mortality through cardiac obstruction. These have classically been treated surgically. Sirolimus now offers hope of non-invasive treatment. Arrhythmias may also occur.

Roles of Gastrodin in Improvement of Behavior and Pathology in AD Rat Model Dependant on Neuroprotective effects mainly Exerted by Endogenous NT-3 and IGF-1 Excited

Objective: This study attempts to explore the effects of Gastrodin on the behavioral and pathological amelioration in AD rat model induced by fimbria of hippocampus transected, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of Gastrodin takes its action. Methods: AD rat model was induced by cutting off the fibmbria of hippocampus by using the self-made micro-blade according to the coordinates previously describe...

Repeated Misdiagnosis of Acute Intermittent Porphyria as Neurological Disorders: Learn from One Chinese Case

Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant disorder due to the gene mutations in Porphobilinogen Deaminase (PBG), also called hydroxymethylbilane synthase. This enzymatic deficiency leads to the marked accumulation of the porphyrin precursors, aminolevulinic acid and PBG in the body. The porphyrin precursors could act on the target tissues through the systemic circulation and consequently produce...

Stand-Alone Titanium versus Polyetheretherketone Cage Following One or Two Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease

Background: Titanium (TC) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages are acceptable grafts for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF), restoring disc space height, relieving cord compression, and providing enlargement of previously stenotic neural foramina. Here, we compared the clinical and radiological, outcomes and complications utilizing TC vs. PEEK cages for Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease (DCDD). Method...

Toward a SSSEP-Based BCI Using the Sensory Gating Phenomenon

A physiological phenomenon named movement-related sensory gating has been described in the literature in the late 80s. To the best of our knowledge, it has not yet been exploited in the BCI domain. We consider that this phenomenon could significantly decrease the resonance-like frequency of Steady State Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSSEP) and be exploited as a voluntary command of the user will. We describe ou...

Results in Neurodevelopment after Open Cardiac Surgery in Pediatric Patients

Introduction: Heart diseases are considered among the most frequent congenital malformations; they have a great impact on pediatric morbidity and mortality. Children with congenital heart disease present motor and neurocognitive deficits, as well as specific functions such as attention and executive functions can be affected. Materials and methods: It is an observational, analytical, retrospective and cohort study...

The Role of Gender in Personality Disorders

Personality is referred to the individualist characteristics of a person which differentiate him from others. The deviant reflections of these characteristics lead to personality disorders. The current study intended to measure gender-based differences in personality disorders. The sample included 332 participants (188 men and 144 women). Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4 (PDQ4) was used to gather data. The g...

Possible Mechanisms Responsible for Stress Predisposition to Cancer or to Autoimmune Diseases

Today it is known that the enhanced brain opioid system activity represent the major neurochemical variation occurring in stress conditions. Moreover, it has been shown that a chronic opioid hyperactivation may suppress the anticancer immunity, and promote cancer development. On the contrary, the influence of stress on the autoimmune processes is more complex, since the mu-opioid agonists may stimulate both TGF-be...

Gamma Knife Surgery in the Management of Residual Critical Deep-Seated Partially Cystic Pilocytic Astrocytomas

Objective: Complete surgical extirpation of pilocytic astrocytoma is usually curative, however when these tumors are critical deeply-seated gross total resection is usually not feasible and ill-advised because of the high morbidities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of Gamma Knife Surgery in the management of critical deep-seated postoperative residual partially cystic pilocytic astrocytoma...

Post-Traumatic Leptomeningeal Cysts in a Pre-Teenager: A Rare Complication of Paediatric Head Injury

Post-traumatic leptomeningeal cyst is an uncommon neurosurgical condition that may complicates skull fracture. We managed a 10-year old boy who presented with a focal seizure involving left upper limb with secondary generalisation three months prior to presentation. He has associated gradually progressing right parietal scalp swelling. Physical examination revealed conscious child, oriented in time, place and pers...

Responses of Several GABAA Receptors to Facial Nerve Injury in Rat

Facial motoneurons express an ion channel-type gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) that is constructed from five subunits, including  , and  subunits. The transection of rat facial nerve was reported to lead to a significant downregulation of the GABAAR1 subunit. In this study, we investigated a transition of GABAAR2,3 and GABAAR1 subunits in axotomized (i.e., injured) rat facial nucleus. Immunoblotti...

Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Noninvasive Respiratory Management

Introduction: Without effective respiratory management, all patients with SMA type 1 and the 50% with type 2 and paradoxical breathing die in infancy or early childhood. Usually benign Upper Respiratory tract Infections (URIs) typically cause pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. Patients may be intubated, and when unweanable from ventilatory support, tracheotomy is urged for survival. However, up to Continuous...

Inhibitory Effect of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3-Associated Mutant Ataxin-3 on Oligodendroglial Cell Differentiation

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3, also known as Machado-Joseph disease) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder [1]. SCA3 is caused by the CAG nucleotide repeat expansion of the ataxin-3 gene, generating polyglutamine-(polyQ- ) containing ataxin-3. Normal individuals have up to 44 repeats, whereas patients have between 52 and 86 repeats [2]. Protein aggregation is a hallmark of SCA3 and toxic aggreg...

MOG Antibodies in Acquired Demyelinating Diseases in Children

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-ab) have been identified in a range of acquired demyelinating syndromes in the pediatric population. Numerous studies have aimed to establish the role of MOG-ab in these disease processes as well as describe the features of MOG-ab-associated pediatric demyelinating syndromes. This review intends to provide an overview of the literature on MOG-ab in acquired demye...

Cerebral, Cardiac, or Combined Cause of Syncope in Noncompaction

In a recent article Glancy et al. reported a 55yo male with dilated cardiomyopathy (dCMP) and left-ventricular hypertrabeculation / noncompaction (LVHT), who was admitted for syncopal episodes. Syncopes disappeared after implantation of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) [1]. The study raises a number of comments and concerns. A patient with a history of recurrent syncopes requires neurological work-u...

Intraoperative Assessment of Carotid Endarterectomy using Near-Infrared Indocyanine Green Videoangiography

The benefits and safety of Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis are well established. Perioperative complications such as thrombosis, embolism, and subsequent stroke caused by technical error can potentially be prevented if detected and addressed while still in the operating room. Intraoperative duplex ultrasonagraphy and arteriography are studies that are frequently employed t...

Neuropelveological Approach to Pathologies of the Sacral Plexus

Pathologies of the sacral plexus are conditions involving multiple, organ-specific medical specialties, each with its own approach to diagnosis and treatment. Management requires knowledge of the interplay between pelvic organ function and neuro-functional anatomy as well as of the neurological and psychological aspects, but no current specialty takes such an approach to the field. Neuropelveology is an emerging d...

Effect of Steroids in Duchenne Cardiomyopathy Depends on Comedication and Comorbidity

In a recent article, Barber et al. studied 462 patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) under steroid treatment [1]. The authors concluded that steroids in DMD patients may delay the onset of cardiomyopathy [1]. We have the following comments and concerns. During recent years it has been shown that prophylactic treatment of DMD patients with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI), Angiontensin-Ii R...

Static Versus Expandable Interbody Spacers: Preliminary 1-Year Clinical and Radiographic Results

To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of static versus expandable interbody spacers following minimally invasive Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF). Methods Sixty-four patients were included in this study: 32 who underwent LLIF with a static spacer, and 32 with an expandable spacer. Supplemental transpedicular posterior fixation was used in all cases. These patients were followed for 12 months post...

Successful Treatment of Large Intracranial Granulocytic Sarcomas

Granulocytic sarcoma is highly sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and surgery is usually performed to obtain a biopsy specimen for a definitive diagnosis. The effectiveness of surgical resection remains controversial. We herein describe a case of symptomatic granulocytic sarcoma that replace intracranial hypertension. A 58-year-old woman suffered from a headache, motor aphasia, and right hemiplegia during...

Back Pain after Surgery for Degenerative Spine: the Role of Depression, Physical Activity and “Fear-Avoidance”

Many studies have shown association between outcome after lumbar spine surgery and psychological dysfunction as depression [1,2], coping strategies [3,4], and various workplace psychological factors (stress, satisfaction, “resigned” attitude, etc.) [5]. Avoidance of movements may be successful as a short term “coping” strategy in response to chronic pain [6-8]. However, an exclusive reliance on it may result in a...