A Rare Case of Neurosyphilis with Facial Paralysis and Vertigo During Pregnancy: A Case Report

Diagnosis of neurosyphilis is difficult because it is rare and often presents with obscure symptoms since any organ can be affected. Pregnant women infected with syphilis can transmit syphilis to the fetus through mother-to-child transmission, which can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Early diagnosis is important in high-risk patients such as pregnant women, but there is no universal agreement on syphilis scre...

Comments on the Theory of Smell

The human interest in the sense of smell dates back thousands of years. The first information on this question is found in Egyptian papyri. Sekhut Enanuch - the court physician of Pharaoh Sahure (5th Dynasty 2500-2300 B.C.) was a specialist in diseases of the nose, throat and ears. He was an otolaryngologist and dealt, among others, with the sense of smell. Democritus of Abdera (460-370 B.C.), the Greek philosophe...

Acute Epiglottitis in Older Patient: Case Report and Literature Review

Acute epiglottitis is a medical emergency with high risk of upper airway obstruction. In this paper we report a case of a 64 years old female with a rapid onset Epiglottitis and present a literature review regarding epidemiology, microbiology, clinical presentation, therapeutic measures and predictors of agressive airway procedures requirement. Acute epiglottitis is a life-threatening condition that requires a mul...

Different Mechanisms Underlying Swallowing Initiated by Optogenetic Activation and Water Administration Methods in Mice

To compare the mechanisms underlying swallowing initiated by optogenetic activation and water administration methods using electromyography (EMG), twelve adult C57 mice were used and equally grouped into a light group and a water group. Optogenetic activation and water administration were used to induce a swallowing response in the two groups. The swallowing latency and area under the curve (AUC) of the EMG respon...

Dysphagia in Cerebral Palsy

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability of childhood. Dysphagia is characterized by impairments in one or more of the following stages of swallowing: oral, pharyngeal and esophageal. The prevalence of dysphagia in children with cerebral palsy is 50.4%, with greater risk in those with more severely impaired functioning. Objective: To conduct a scoping review on dysphagia in children with...

Single-Institution Retrospective Review of Post-operative Care and Next Day Cochlear Implant Activation in Adults

The topic of when to activate a cochlear implant following surgery has been debated and practice has been variable for many years. The “standard” for initial activation of a cochlear implant remains 2-4 weeks after surgery despite numerous advances in surgical technique and technology over the past 25 years. The concept of initial stimulation timed closer to the date of surgery has developed with the advent of sma...

The Humoral Responses to Wheat Antigens in Menière's Disease

Objectives: Aim of this study was to investigate the humoral immune responses to wheat antigens and related antibodies in MD patients. Methods: We assessed the reactivity of sera against a repertoire of 51 antigens usually associated with immune reaction to gluten from 28 patients with definite unilateral MD and 100 healthy controls. Results: MD patients showed an increase of anti-wheat IgA, anti-cerebellar peptid...

All About Facial Nerve Palsy, A Review of Current Literature

With a prevalence between 11 to 53 cases, for every 100,000 people per year, facial paralysis is a disease of multiple possible etiologies, being neural infection by herpes virus simplex type 1 the most common cause, mainly manifested by weakness of facial musculature and loss of sensation. It does not have a specific treatment and its full recovery depends on the application of multitherapy in a timely manner.

Comparative Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Thresholds: Rat, Cat, Guinea Pig, and Nonhuman Primate

There is a definite need to better monitor drug-mediated effects on neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and information processing (feature detection), which includes markers for progression of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in ototoxicity screening protocols. The field of otology acknowledges that given the heterogeneity and complexity of auditory function, a single biomarker is unlikely to identify or ex...

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst and Sistrunk Procedure - Case Report

Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital neck malformation that occurs due to failure in the closure of the thyroglossal duct. The authors present a case of a 57-year-old caucasian male patient who complained of anterior cervical mass that had been slowly growing for eight years. After further investigation, he was diagnosed with a thyroglossal duct cyst. A Sistrunk procedure was performed with satisfa...

Middle Ear Tuberculosis: A Report of Rare Case

Introduction: The tuberculosis (TB) of the ear is a rare entity. In most cases the presentation resembles that of a chronic otitis media or chronic otitis media with mastoiditis. Irreversible complications such as hearing loss and facial paralysis ensue if the diagnosis is often delayed. In view of its rare incidence, we report a case of middle ear tuberculosis in a 25-year-old male patient. Objective: The objecti...

Bacteriology of Tonsillitis among Children Attending Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Background: Tonsillitis is a poorly identified cause of fever in children. This study aimed at determining te sociodemographic features, clinical features and bacteriology of tonsillitis in children in a teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: This was an hospital based, descriptive cross-sectional study of children with tonsillitis in our department. Data was collected using pretested interviewers assisted ques...

Breastfeeding Improves the Outcome of Newborn Hearing Screening with Otoacoustic Emissions

Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) is a validated technique in newborn hearing screening usually used in many countries. It reflects normal hearing or at least no more than 30 dBHL hearing loss. It has false positives when it is done before 24 48h hours because of the stucked fluid in middle ear, so hearing screening is preferred after this age. Breastfeeding has many advantages and some studies have d...

Discectomies: A Short-Term Retrospective Study

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the outcome of patients operated with discectomy and to compare the short-term results to results in the available literature. Materials and method: Patients who underwent discectomy at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Umeå University hospital in Sweden, between 1988 and 1998 were included (n=64). Mean age: 37 years. 55were women and 9 were men. 48 patients un...

Swallowing Difficulty: Etiology, Diagnosis and New Treatments Review

This review pragmatically explains the importance of the normal physiology and pathological entities such as oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) which affect the deglutition process. The later is a complex mechanism that involves the proper coordination of the oropharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter (UES), motor function and proper control by the central nervous system (CNS) that all together enable a proper swallo...

Thyroid Function Testing: Why, What and When

Thyroid disorders are common. It is important to understand why thyroid function tests are performed, what tests are available, and when the tests are useful. This article summarizes the interpretation of laboratory tests of thyroid function and their use in managing thyroid disease. There are several pitfalls and caveats in the analysis of thyroid function tests that are noteworthy. Thyroid function is tightly co...

Ultrasound Evaluation of Thyroiditis: A Review

Thyroiditis encompass a broad group of inflammatory disorders of the thyroid, with varied causes, clinical manifestations, natural history and specific treatment. It can be associated with normal, elevated, or depressed thyroid function, often with evolution from one condition to another. The differentiation is based primarily on the clinical setting, speed of symptom onset, family history, and presence or absence...

Biotin Effects on Thyroid Function Tests – Facts, Fancies, and Fallacies.

Many recent reports warn clinicians of possible interferents which may lead to spurious Thyroid Function Test (TFT) results. The effect of exogenous biotin causing false hyperthyroidism has received attention. Clinicians must understand the realities of biotin effects on TFTs. Biotin is used in many automated immunoassay analyzers to label the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free T4 (fT4), free T3 (fT3), total...

ABR Outside of Otolaryngology. On the Influence of Pathological Activity of the Brainstem on the ABR in Mental Illness

This article deals with effects of mental illness on the ABR (Auditory Brain stem Response). The stimuli of the studies reviewed consist of complex sounds – different amplitudes, frequency spectra and backward and forward masking samples. Registration is made by newly constructed ABR equipment and various methods of curve analysis are applied. Stimuli of complex sounds were chosen as they are differently handled b...

Antioxidant Role of Saliva

In physiological conditions in the body there is a balance between prooxidanas and antioxidants. Oxidative stress is a state in which the balance between proxydanases and antioxidants shifted towards prooxydanes, with consequent oxidative damage essential cell biomolecules. Oxidative stress can lead to cell damage through micro damage to the cell membrane, protein deactivation, DNA damage, and stimulation of cell...

Effect of Adenoid Size and Duration on Pulmonary Functions in Children

Objectives: To find out the relation between pulmonary functions and grade of adenoid hypertrophy and duration of symptoms in children. Methods: Sixty patients scheduled for adenoidectomy were included. After history taking and clinical examination, lateral neck radiography was performed and adenoid hypertrophy was graded into 4 grades. Spirometric tests were performed to measure vital capacity (VC), forced vital...

Nasal Intubation for Adenotonsillectomy Under General Anesthesia

Introduction: Tonsillectomy (± adenoidectomy) is performed for recurrent tonsillitis or obstruction of the upper airway. The objective of this work was to assess nasal intubation during tonsillectomy (± adenoidectomy) under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: ASA I children scheduled for elective tonsillectomy (± adenoidectomy) were included in current study. Surgery was done under general anesthesia using...

Tracheocutaneous Adhesion with Cartilage Preservation Technique: A Safe Procedure with Less Complications

Tracheostomy is known to be one of the most common surgeries in otolaryngology since decades. The Indications for pediatric tracheostomy have been observed to be shifted from acute infectious airway compromise to the need for prolonged ventilator support in the chronically ill patient. Tracheostomy can keep the airway safe and secure but the accidental decanulation or tube blockage can happen at any time. Such com...

Histamine-Induced Endolymphatic Hydrops

Objective To investigate whether a rise in plasma histamine levels causes endolymphatic hydrops. Methods Ten normal Hartley guinea pigs were used for quantitative assessment of the volumetric changes of the endolymphatic space of the cochlea. Five of them received subcutaneous injection of histamine dihydrochloride to the back (3 animals: 1 mg/kg, 2 animals: 5 mg/kg), and remaining 5 animals received a subcutaneou...

Voice Professionals Undergoing Polyp Surgery: What is the Complete Vocal Recovery Time

Introduction: the voice is an important element for an individual in his personal and professional relationships. Through it we are able to convey a message and carry on communication. Those who are called voice professionals use it as a working tool and are classified into Koufman’s levels. However, vocal fatigue may result from improper and strenuous use added to external elements and dysphonia due to phonotraum...

The Influence of Oral Motor Disorders on the Quality of Articulation in Children Aged 5 to 7 Years. Preliminary Research Reports

This paper presents the preliminary results of studies which are part of a larger project to determine the scope of influence of biological factors on speech development. The studies presented herein concern the correlation between the quality of oral motricity and articulation. The presented studies confirm that there is a relationship between the occurrence of motor disorders and abnormal articulation, particula...

Extensive Stuttering Therapy in Turkish Children who Stutter

Objective: In this study, the immediate and extended outcomes of the stuttering therapy program were investigated for the first time in Turkey. This paper reports the results of an eight-week extensive stuttering therapy program for 35 school- aged and adolescent who stutter. Methods: Measurements were made immediately before and after treatment and again during the follow-up period, 6 months’ post-treatment. The...

Addressing Non-Responding Chronic tMd Patients Experience from a Multidisciplinary Approach

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition that encompasses muscular facial pain and functional disturbances of the mandible. There has been uncertainties about the interface between the different professions, and it can be unclear who is responsible for the patient.In addition dif ferent diagnostic tools to aid treatment decision have been developed during the years, without reaching a final agreement. The N...

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: Understanding the Etiology

The stomatognathic system performs various functions of speech, mastication, perception of taste, deglutition and digestion. Swallowing is a complex function involving cordial functioning of the orofacial structures. The dentition and salivary gland secretions are involved in mastication and formation of bolus. The muscles involved in swallowing are regulated by cranial and spinal nerves. Myriad of conditions affe...

“A Night with Venus, a Lifetime with Mercury” Syphilis – The Overlooked Disease

Syphilis is a notifiable Sexually-Transmitted Disease (STD) caused by the anaerobic spirochete Treponema Pallidum. Untreated syphilis not only causes severe medical complications: the disease also facilitates the transmission of HIV in cases of unprotected sex. Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) constitute a high-risk group. Syphilis is still shrouded in stigmatization despite a low-cost treatment with antibiotics. T...

Endoscopic Posterior Nasal Neurectomy with Continuous-Suction Irrigation Method

Background: Endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy was developed in 1997. This surgery is often performed to reduce rhinorrhea and sneezing in patients with chronic rhinitis. The original technique involves resection of the posterior superior lateral nasal nerves at the sphenopalatine foramen. However, it is difficult to selectively resect only the nerves without injuring the blood vessels using this technique. As...

Gadolinium Chloride (GdCl3) Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Cell Motilityin Cisplatin Resistant Human Oral Cancer CAR Cells: A Novel Screening System for Real Time Imaging Using incuCyte™ Kinetic Live Cell Imaging System

Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) is a contrast medium for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) use. Previously, our study has demonstrated that GdCl3 significantly reduced cell viability and triggered apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cellsby death receptor, mitochondria-dependent and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress pathways. However, no report showed theanticancer effects of GdCl3on drug-resistant oral cancer cells. In th...

Audit of Thyroid Ultrasound Incidental Findings Emerson’s Green NHS Treatment Centre Bristol-UK

Incidental Thyroid nodules defined as nodules identified by cross sectional imaging in patients who have no thyroid related clinical symptoms, examination, or suspected thyroid disease. This is a retrospective study over 18 month’s period in a General ENT practice by a single Surgeon highlighting the importance of adopting the new Ultrasound classification system of Thyroid nodules to manage incidental thyroid pat...